The Seis
"The backbone of Puerto Rican country music"
Photo by Jack Delano, courtesy of Pablo Delano
Listen to the cuatrista Yomo Toro talking about seises here.
Listen to the cuatrista Efraín Vidal demonstrating 42 different seises and aguinaldos here.
Listen to cuatrista Ramón Vázquez and guitarist Apolo Ocasio demonstrating 22 seises here.
Listen to cuatrista Prodigio Claudio interpreting seises and aguinaldos here.
Listen to the cuatrista Arturito Avilés demonstrating seises and aguinaldos here.
![]() As so many elements of the Puerto Rican culture, what is known of the seis comes from scarce bibliographic references and from fading memories. Virtually the only thing written down that remains about the seis can be found in the body of social observation catalogued by Manuel Alonso in his 19th century book, "El Gibaro". Alonso describes the seis as a danc that "as a rule should be danced by six couples" but that he had in fact seen many more dancing it. In its basic form we know that the seis is not one thing: it is an ancient kind of folkloric expression usually (but not exclusicely) sung and danced, one created and performed originally by the Puerto Rican jibaro which includes within it an enormous multiplicity of regional variations--variations created by both forgotten and unforgettable personages, variations in modes of expression and rhythms. But generally:
How they are danced: el seis chorrao [rushing seis], el seis bombeao [pumping seis] el seis sonduro o zapateao [stomping seis], el enojao [angry seis], el valseao [waltzing seis], el ñangotao [squating seis], el seis del machete amarrao [seis of the tied-on machete], el seis del pañuelo [handkerchief seis], seis del sombrero [hat seis], seis del juey [crab seis], el seis de la culebra [snake seis]. The name of the town or region from which they originated: fajardeño, viequense, llanero, bayamonés, de Comerío, de Humacao, manatieño, de Costa, del Dorado, de oriente, cayeyano , cagüeño. By their dancer's imitation of the behavior of animals: juey [crab], culebra [snake], matatoros [bulls]; By the singing that accompanies it: seis con décimas, controversia and others. By the musicians that popularized them: Andino, Pepe Orne, Mapeyé, Vallarán, Aguilar; and others. By some characteristic of its music: seis tumbao [jolting seis], seis una y una. López Cruz follows: "When a series of décimas is about to be sung around the theme of, say, jealousy, that doesn't alter the generic name of the seis. The troubador can ask the musician for a seis fajardeño to accompany his sung verses about any theme, but the seis is still a seis fajardeño." |
An incomplete listing of Puerto Rican seises with sound samples in blue. (Summarized from Dr. Francisco López Cruz' doctoral thesis which was published as La Música Folklórica de Puerto Rico [The folkloric music of Puerto Rico) Seis con décima: This seis, don Paquito [Francisco] says, "is not a specific seis genre, but rather it is called this when the singer of a slow seis uses the poetic scheme known as décima for the lyrics." Regardless of what the august professor says, there are many Puerto Rican musicians nowadays that give the name, "seis con décima" to a seis with a particular melodic configuration. Seis Chorreao: the elder güiro player from Ponce Marcos Díaz Bauzá affirmed that there exist at least 4 o 5 different types of seis chorreaos. As Dr. López Cruz describes it, it was a very ancient dance and was the "seis preferred by the country man." The term chorreao can be translated as "gushing." The reason this seis is thus named is explained by López Cruz: It's due to the rapidity of its movement, requiring the couples to spin vertiginously around the room in a closed position, maintaining the feet close to the floor, without raising this at any time, mientras dan vueltas a izquierda y derecha. El movimiento de los bailaores nos da la impresión de pies que se escurren o deslizan, sin golpes en el piso. ruedan como si fuesen patines muy bien lubricados que resbalasen. Si los observamos de cerca dan la impresión de pies que van chorreando. Oigan tres favoritas muestras de seis chorreaos, el primero una presentación en vivo de la Orquesta Jíbara Antigua del Proyecto del Cuatro compuesto de cuatro, tiple, bordonúa y güiro; una grabación de Odilio Gonzalez, Un jíbaro en San Juan; y a Arturito Avilés en cuatro y Luis Mirando trovando en una vieja presentación radial de hace casi treinta años. Seis Bombeao: Seis de Controversia:
Seis Enojao: Seis Amarrao: Seis del Juey: Seis de la Culebra: Seis Matatoros: Seis Mariandá: Seis Villarán: Seis Bayamonés: Seis Mapeyé: Seis de la Enramada: Seis del Machete Amarrao Seis del Dorado: Seis Fajardeño: Seis Valseao:
Seis del Sombrero: Seis del Pañuelo:
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